Gauge Theories in Particle Physics From Relativistic Quantum Mechanics to QED (Fourth Edition) by Ian J. R. and Hey, Anthony J. G
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Gauge Theories in Particle Physics From Relativistic Quantum Mechanics to QED (Fourth Edition) written by
Ian J. R. Hey and
Anthony J. G .
This new fourth edition retains the two-volume format, which has been generally well received, with broadly the same allocation of content as in the third edition. The principal new additions are, once again, dictated by substantial new experimental results – namely, in the areas of CP violation and neutrino oscillations, where great progress was made in the first decade of this century. Volume 2 now includes a new chapter devoted to CP violation and oscillations in mesonic and neutrino systems. Partly by way of preparation for this, volume 1 also contains a new chapter, on Lorentz transformations and discrete symmetries. We give a simple do-it-yourself treatment of Lorentz transformations of Dirac spinors, which the reader can connect to the group theory approach in appendix M of volume 2; the transformation properties of bilinear covariants are easily managed. We also introduce Majorana fermions at an early stage. This material is suitable for first courses on relativistic quantum mechanics, and perhaps should have been included in earlier editions (we thank a referee for urging its inclusion now).
Gauge Theories in Particle Physics From Relativistic Quantum Mechanics to QED (Fourth Edition) written by
Ian J. R. Hey and
Anthony J. G
cover the following topics.
I Introductory Survey, Electromagnetism as a Gauge Theory, and Relativistic Quantum Mechanics 1
1. The Particles and Forces of the Standard Model
1.1 Introduction: the Standard Model
1.2 The fermions of the StandardModel
1.2.1 Leptons
1.2.2 Quarks
1.3 Particle interactions in the Standard Model
1.3.1 Classical and quantumfields
1.3.2 The Yukawa theory of force as virtual quantum exchange
1.3.3 The one-quantum exchange amplitude
1.3.4 Electromagnetic interactions
1.3.5 Weak interactions
1.3.6 Strong interactions
1.3.7 The gauge bosons of the Standard Model
1.4 Renormalization and the Higgs sector of the Standard Model
1.4.1 Renormalization
1.4.2 The Higgs boson of the Standard Model
1.5 Summary
Problems
2. Electromagnetism as a Gauge Theory
2.1 Introduction
2.2 TheMaxwell equations: current conservation
2.3 The Maxwell equations: Lorentz covariance and gauge invariance
2.4 Gauge invariance (and covariance) in quantum mechanics
2.5 The argument reversed: the gauge principle
2.6 Comments on the gauge principle in electromagnetism
Problems
3. Relativistic Quantum Mechanics
3.1 The Klein–Gordon equation
3.1.1 Solutions in coordinate space
3.1.2 Probability current for the KG equation
3.2 The Dirac equation
3.2.1 Free-particle solutions
3.2.2 Probability current for the Dirac equation
3.3 Spin
3.4 The negative-energy solutions
3.4.1 Positive-energy spinors
3.4.2 Negative-energy spinors
3.4.3 Dirac’s interpretation of the negative-energy solutions of the Dirac equation
3.4.4 Feynman’s interpretation of the negative-energy solutions of the KG and Dirac equations
3.5 Inclusion of electromagnetic interactions via the gauge principle: the Dirac prediction of g = 2 for the electron
Problems
4. Lorentz Transformations and Discrete Symmetries
4.1 Lorentz transformations
4.1.1 The KG equation
4.1.2 The Dirac equation
4.2 Discrete transformations: P, C and T
4.2.1 Parity
4.2.2 Charge conjugation
4.2.3 CP
4.2.4 Time reversal
4.2.5 CPT
Problems
II Introduction to Quantum Field Theory
5. Quantum Field Theory I: The Free Scalar Field
5.1 The quantum field: (i) descriptive
5.2 The quantum field: (ii) Lagrange–Hamilton formulation
5.2.1 The action principle: Lagrangian particle mechanics
5.2.2 Quantum particle mechanics `a la Heisenberg–Lagrange–Hamilton
5.2.3 Interlude: the quantum oscillator
5.2.4 Lagrange–Hamilton classical field mechanics
5.2.5 Heisenberg–Lagrange–Hamilton quantum field mechanics
5.3 Generalizations: four dimensions, relativity and mass
Problems
6. Quantum Field Theory II: Interacting Scalar Fields
6.1 Interactions in quantum field theory: qualitative introduction
6.2 Perturbation theory for interacting fields: the Dyson expansion of the S-matrix
6.2.1 The interaction picture
6.2.2 The S-matrix and the Dyson expansion
6.3 Applications to the ‘ABC’ theory
6.3.1 The decay C ?A+B
6.3.2 A + B ? A + B scattering: the amplitudes
6.3.3 A+B ? A+B scattering: the Yukawa exchange mechanism, s and u channel processes
6.3.4 A + B ? A + B scattering: the differential cross section
6.3.5 A + B ?A+B scattering: loose ends
Problems
7. Quantum Field Theory III: Complex Scalar Fields, Dirac and Maxwell Fields; Introduction of Electromagnetic Interactions
7.1 The complex scalar field: global U(1) phase invariance, particles and antiparticles
7.2 The Dirac field and the spin-statistics connection
7.3 The Maxwell field Aµ(x)
7.3.1 The classical field case
7.3.2 Quantizing Aµ(x)
7.4 Introduction of electromagnetic interactions
7.5 P, C and T in quantum field theory
7.5.1 Parity
7.5.2 Charge conjugation
7.5.3 Time reversal
Problems
III Tree-Level Applications in QED
8. Elementary Processes in Scalar and Spinor Electrodynamics
8.1 Coulomb scattering of charged spin-0 particles
8.1.1 Coulomb scattering of s+ (wavefunction approach)
8.1.2 Coulomb scattering of s+ (field-theoretic approach)
8.1.3 Coulomb scattering of s-
8.2 Coulomb scattering of charged spin- 12 particles
8.2.1 Coulomb scattering of e- (wavefunction approach)
8.2.2 Coulomb scattering of e-(field-theoretic approach)
8.2.3 Trace techniques for spin summations
8.2.4 Coulomb scattering of e+
8.3 e-s+ scattering
8.3.1 The amplitude for e-s+ ? e-s+
8.3.2 The cross section for e-s+ ? e-s+
8.4 Scattering from a non-point-like object: the pion form factor in e-p+ ? e-p+
8.4.1 e- scattering from a charge distribution
8.4.2 Lorentz invariance
8.4.3 Current conservation
8.5 The form factor in the time-like region: e+e- ? p+p- and crossing symmetry
8.6 Electron Compton scattering
8.6.1 The lowest-order amplitudes
8.6.2 Gauge invariance
8.6.3 The Compton cross section
8.7 Electronmuon elastic scattering
8.8 Electron–proton elastic scattering and nucleon form factors
8.8.1 Lorentz invariance
8.8.2 Current conservation Problems
9. Deep Inelastic Electron–Nucleon Scattering and the Parton Model
9.1 Inelastic electron–proton scattering: kinematics and structure functions
9.2 Bjorken scaling and the partonmodel
9.3 Partons as quarks and gluons
9.4 The Drell–Yan process
9.5 e+e- annihilation into hadrons
Problems
IV Loops and Renormalization
10. Loops and Renormalization I: The ABC Theory
10.1 The propagator correction in ABC theory
10.1.1 The O(g2) self-energy ?[2] C (q2)
10.1.2 Mass shift
10.1.3 Field strength renormalization
10.2 The vertex correction
10.3 Dealing with the bad news: a simple example
10.3.1 Evaluating ?[2] C (q2)
10.3.2 Regularization and renormalization
10.4 Bare and renormalized perturbation theory
10.4.1 Reorganizing perturbation theory
10.4.2 The O(g2ph) renormalized self-energy revisited: how counter terms are determined by renormalization conditions
10.5 Renormalizability
Problems
11. Loops and Renormalization II: QED
11.1 Counter terms
11.2 The O(e2) fermion self-energy
11.3 The O(e2) photon self-energy
11.4 The O(e2) renormalized photon self-energy
11.5 The physics of ¯?[2] ? (q2)
11.5.1 Modified Coulomb’s law
11.5.2 Radiatively induced charge form factor
11.5.3 The running coupling constant
11.5.4 ¯?[2] ? in the s-channel
11.6 The O(e2) vertex correction, and Z1 = Z2
11.7 The anomalous magnetic moment and tests of QED
11.8 Which theories are renormalizable – and does it matter?
Problems
Indexes
A Non-relativistic Quantum Mechanics
B Natural Units
C Maxwell’s Equations: Choice of Units
D Special Relativity: Invariance and Covariance
E Dirac d-Function
F Contour Integration
G Green Functions
H Elements of Non-relativistic Scattering Theory
H.1 Time-independent formulation and differential cross section
H.2 Expression for the scattering amplitude: Born approximation
H.3 Time-dependent approach
I The Schr¨odinger and Heisenberg Pictures
J Dirac Algebra and Trace Identities
J.1 Dirac algebra
J.1.1 ? matrices
J.1.2 ?5 identities
J.1.3 Hermitian conjugate of spinor matrix elements
J.1.4 Spin sums and projection operators
J.2 Trace theorems
K Example of a Cross Section Calculation
K.1 The spin-averaged squared matrix element
K.2 Evaluation of two-body Lorentz-invariant phase space in ‘laboratory’ variables
L Feynman Rules for Tree Graphs in QED
L.1 External particles
L.2 Propagators
L.3 Vertices
References
Index
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